There's been some interesting discussion in Chicago about how residents perceive their neighborhood and how that shapes their response to new development. For a great introduction read this piece by Daniel Kay Hertz, "
How Bungalow-y is the Bungalow Belt?"
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| 3001-3330 W. Granville, 1956. |
To summarize, if you live on a block of predominantly single family homes it's easy to overlook scattered multi-family buildings nearby, which easily outnumber single family homes in regard to unit counts. So when new multi-family housing is proposed it's seen as uncharacteristic by a comparatively small proportion of neighborhood residents who are guided more by their intuitive understanding of the area rather than actual demographics.
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| 2250 Single-Family Homes and 946 Multi-Family Homes (1945-1965) |
Those who see new development as threatening to the character of their neighborhood may be successful in opposing and blocking these projects, particularly if they require a zoning change, which is subject to review through the local alderman. These opponents often appropriate the language of planning to justify that opposition-- not enough parking, too much density, incompatible in scale... Although these may be valid concerns they often stem from a qualitative understanding of the neighborhood and don't acknowledge the complex interweaving of different types of land use.
So I thought it might be interesting to look at multi-family housing in the West Ridge neighborhood. In particular I'm focusing on mid-century development which is often overlooked by housing advocates and architectural historians. What exactly are the proportions of multi-family buildings to single family during this period? How did development change over time? To answer some of these questions I used the
Building Footprints data provided by the City of Chicago. This is the information the city uses in their Geographic Information System, and includes construction date, unit counts and number of floors. Full disclosure-- I have no idea if this information is accurate. I assume much of it was taken from the Cook County Tax Assessor. But it was the best building-level information I could identify, so I'm going with it.
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| 2250 Single Family Units and 4653 Multi Family Units | |
Between 1945 and 1965 there were 2550 single family homes constructed in West Ridge. Not surprising, since much of the neighborhood participated in the post-war building boom. In the same time period there were 946 multi-family homes built. In comparison the total number of single family households remain at 2550 but the multi-family buildings contain 4653 households-- nearly twice as many. (My crummy graphs are meant to represent this visually, although you'll have to click on them before they become legible.) So the real weight of opinion in the neighborhood should really be with the residents of the multi-family buildings.
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| 6158 N. Richmond, 1959 |
In the next few weeks I'll be taking a closer look at some of these mid-century multi-family buildings. I find this era to be a very creative period in housing history, and one that hasn't really received enough attention from a developmental or architectural standpoint. The West Ridge neighborhood is practically an encyclopedia of mid-century design, and I hope to plot out a small part of it.
I also want to talk a bit about what's becoming known as the "missing middle" of the housing market- developments which are similar in scale to single family homes but create a denser neighborhood, permitting greater diversity, walkability and affordability. I believe these mid-century buildings are good examples and can provide some lessons on adding density in established urban neighborhoods.
